Roles

Green Vanadium Stain

Green vanadium stains are caused by water-soluble vanadium salts that are converted to colored, acidic leaching solutions, and are usually the result of washing brickwork with acid-cleaning solutions. Vanadyl chloride, one

Vanadium Stains

The chloride salts of vanadium require highly acidic leaching solutions, and are usually the result of washing brickwork with acid-cleaning solutions. Vanadyl chloride, one of the most prominent types of these stains, forms almos